guppy fish – Fish Laboratory Aquatics

Scientific NamePoecilia ReticulataCommon Name(s)Guppy, Fancy Guppies, Guppy Fish, Millions FishOriginCentral America to BrazilTemperature Range72-79°FpH Range7.0 – 8.5Male Guppy Size1-1.5 inchesFemale Guppy Size1.5-2.5 inchesDietOmnivorous Guppy Fish Facts Guppies do not lay eggs. As livebearers, guppies give birth to free-swimming baby fry.A female guppy can give birth to fry approximately every 28-35 days.There are over 50 different types of guppies. Guppies are one of the most popular fish in the aquarium hobby. They are colorful little fish that are always actively swimming throughout the tank. They are also known for their ease of breeding. In fact, a female guppy can give birth to a batch of 100 or more baby guppies every month. The ease of breeding attracts many beginner fishkeepers, but the art of breeding and developing various strains of guppy makes them attractive for advanced fishkeepers as well. History of Guppy Fish Guppies were introduced to aquarists over a century ago. They were named after the English naturalist John Lechmere Guppy. When he brought the fish from Trinidad to England in 1866, the fish was named Girardinus guppii in his honor by Günther, a famous zoologist who was the head of the British Museum at the time. However, guppies were collected by a German zoologist J. L. Peters years earlier in 1859. Peters named the fish Poecilia Reticulata, which takes priority today. Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Natural Habitat of Wild Guppies Guppies originate in the warm tropical waters of Central America to Brazil. Today, due to their prolific and adaptable nature, they have established themselves in almost every region of the world, except areas of extreme temperatures such as Antarctica. In the wild, they are found in ponds, lakes, and rivers. They are small fish, so they will not be swimming the center of the current. However, they can be found on the edge of the water, where the current is slower. They can be found swimming near vegetation, where there is plenty of insects and other invertebrates to feed on. Since they breed readily, they can establish themselves in new bodies of water very quickly. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sus9G68B_wk Natural Habitat of Wild Guppies #shorts Guppy Care Guppies are generally hardy fish, and they are relatively easy to take care of. However, while fancy tank setups are not required, proper care and regular maintenance will be necessary. If you intend to keep guppy varieties with long fins, avoid keeping them with aggressive fish that may become fin-nippers. In addition, the nitrogen level must be kept low in order to prevent fin rot. For the same reason, guppies should only be introduced to established aquariums. Lifespan The average guppy lifespan is 2-3 years. Guppies raised in lower temperatures may live slightly longer. Some guppies are known to reach over 4 years of age. However, guppies mature very quickly and are generally short lived fish. Guppy size can vary depending on the strain. On average, a male guppy will range from 1-1.5 inches. A female guppy will range from 1.5-2.5 inches. Some female guppies can grow to over 4 inches. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6X9vOqJUyQ How Long Do Guppy Fish Live? #shorts Tank Setup Guppies can be raised in a basic aquarium setup consisting of an aquarium tank, aquarium lighting, aquarium filtration, and aquarium heater. Compared to other fish in the fishkeeping hobby, guppies are relatively hardy and undemanding. Decorative plants, gravel, and driftwood can be added to the tank. However, these are not necessary. Tank Size The minimum tank size for guppies is 5 gallons. However, at this size, you can only keep only 1 or 2 guppies. Also, a good filtration system and very frequent water changes would be required at this size. While many beginners are drawn to the smaller tanks, these tanks require more frequent maintenance. For beginners, a 20 gallon tank is recommended. At this size, the aquarium will be able to handle the fluctuations in the water parameters and self-regulate more effectively. As long as the tank is not overstocked, there will be less frequent water changes required. The system would be able to handle the fish’s waste more effectively as well. The general rule of thumb is to keep only 1 inch of fish for every 1 gallon of water. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljeUe37DGLE How Many Guppy Fish Can You Keep in a 10 Gallon Tank? #shorts Tank Mates Guppies can be great tank mates for a lot of fish. Guppies are compatible with most other fish and they would do just as well in a community tank as they would do in a guppies only species tank. However, other fish may harm guppies. Since many guppies have long fins, fish that would nip on their fin would be incompatible tank mates. Larger fish that could swallow guppies would also be an incompatible tank mates. Other peaceful community fish that are similar in size to guppies would be compatible tank mates to guppies. Some potentially good tank mates for guppies are: Betta fishNeon tetraMolliesPlatysOtocinclus Water pH and Minerals In regards to water parameters, guppies prefer moderately hard water. A water pH of 7.0 – 8.5 would be great for guppies. If the water in your area is slightly softer 7.0, your guppies may still be able to survive. However, if you wish to have the guppies thrive and reproduce to their maximum potential, the water pH should be 7.0 and above. In order to harden the water, you can add crushed corals and other additives into the water. Adding products such as Wonder Shell or Equilibrium can help restore the mineral balance in the water. Guppies require high amounts of minerals such as calcium in the water because they are constantly reproducing. They are giving birth to live fry instead of eggs. This requires a lot of minerals out of their body. When there is a calcium deficiency, the guppies may develop deformities in their spine. Curvature in the spine, also known as a hump back spine, is common in older guppies when there is a mineral deficiency for prolonged periods. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuI6Io1jdlU Water pH for Guppy Fish #shorts Temperature In regards to the temperature, guppies prefer water waters since they are tropical fish. Optimum temperatures are from 72-79 °F. However, some species of guppies are able to survive lower temperatures of water than others. Guppies varieties that are genetically closer to the wild guppy strain are known to be hardier and able to survive lower temperatures. For example, Endler guppies are able to tolerate water temperatures of 60 °F or lower. Most guppies that are available in local fish stores are bred in farms for many generations. These farms typically raise guppies in high temperatures above 72 °F. Therefore, most of the guppies will be adapted to the higher temperatures. Aquarium Salt Aquarium salt is not always required for guppies. However, many guppies are raised in slightly brackish water. Therefore, if guppies raised in brackish water is suddenly introduced to freshwater, they can suffer kidney problems, fin clamping, and various other diseases. In order to acclimate fish raised in brackish water, aquarium salt may be useful. However, keep in mind that many of the diseases that occur during acclimation is due to the lack of minerals in the new water, not simply the salinity. Checking the pH of the new water, and adding the mineral additives can solve many of these issues. Aquarium salt can be useful in treating disease such as fin rot as well. Many bacterial disease that may harm guppies in freshwater will not be able to tolerate the salinity. Guppy Food Guppies should be fed sparingly and often. Feeding once or twice a day as much as they can consume in 2 - 3 minutes is recommended. Guppies are omnivorous so they will appreciate a varied diet. They are not picky eaters and they can certainly survive one type of flake food alone. However, a varied diet will aid in raising healthy happy guppies. Other than commercial foods, live foods will be greatly appreciated. In nature, they commonly dwell on mosquito larvae and other small insects. Small amounts of live plants such as duckweeds may be beneficial as a part of a balanced diet as well. Sexing In order to distinguish between male and female guppies, look for the coloration and body shape. In general, males are more colorful and their body shape is smaller and more slender. However, this is not always the case. Depending on the strain, female guppies can vary in size, and they can be very colorful as well. A certain way to sex guppies is by identifying the gonopodium in male guppies. A gonopodium is a rod shaped anal fin that is used to deposit sperm into female fish. Of course, female guppies do not have a gonopodium. Instead, they have a triangle shaped anal fin. Many other livebearer fish can be sexed by identifying the gonopodium in the male fish. This includes mollies, platies, and swordtails. Breeding Guppies Guppies are considered one of the easiest fish to breed. If male and female guppies are placed in the same aquarium, the females will be impregnated very quickly. In fact, one male guppy can impregnate multiple guppies in a short amount of time. If they are placed in the same aquarium for more than a couple days, you can expect the females to be impregnated. After the female guppies are impregnated, they will release free swimming fry 28-35 days later. Since they are livebearers, guppies do not lay eggs. On average, a pregnant guppy will give birth to 20-60 fry. However, some larger females can give birth to over 100 fry at once. Labor can take hours, or days. Breeding guppies is not only for beginners. Many experienced fishkeepers enjoy breeding guppies as well. Raising healthy specimen to their full potential takes knowledge and practice. In addition, many experienced breeders develop specific strains of guppies. Guppy strains are developed by selectively breeding guppies and developing the desirable trait over many generations. This process can take many years, if not decades. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeaUipBA-Xo Crazy Guppy Fish Breeding Facts #shorts Guppy Fry Guppy fry, also known as guppy babies, require different type of care compared to adult fish. When guppy fry are born, they are only ¼ inch in size. In order to care for the fry, the best method is to raise them in a separate tank from the adults. Saving Newborn Fry Newborn guppy fry should be separated from the adults from the very beginning since adults will try to eat the guppy fry. All adults, including the parents, will eat the fry. If the adults are hungry enough, they will hunt them down and eat all of their fry. Therefore, the newborn fry should be separated from the adults immediately. One way to improve fry survival rate is to setup a breeding tank. Instead of moving the fry from the community tank after they are born, move the pregnant guppy to the breeding tank before she gives birth. There are several advantages to this. First, this will give you the opportunity to feed the female guppy the high protein diet that she needs during this time. Second, the female will be sheltered from the other male fish that would be constantly chasing her and exhausting her. Lastly, by placing lots of plants and other hiding places in the breeding tank, the fry will have a very good chance of surviving. Instead of going through the trouble of chasing after every single fry in the tank, you can simply scoop out the female after it is finished giving birth. This is much more efficient. Since the fry will only have to avoid one adult fish, instead of multiple adult fish in the tank, most of them will survive in this setup as well. There are other ways of improving fry survival rate during birth. For example, guppy breeder box are designed to separate the adult guppy from the fry immediately after birth. The small holes within the box will allow the fry to escape into a separate chamber. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nHOVd3vN8E Guppy Fry Care - Tips for Best Survival Rate and Growth #shorts Guppy Fry Care Guppy fry are approximately ¼ inch in length at birth, and they are free swimming. Unlike other species, guppy fry are much more capable from the beginning. As soon as they are born, they will look for a hiding spot. A growing taking with lots of plants will give the fry hiding places. Even if there are no adult fish in the tank, the vegetation can make them feel safer. Since fry are more fragile than adults, it is important to monitor the water parameters and provide a clean environment for them. Guppy Fry Food Within a few hours after birth, guppy fry they will start looking for food. The fry are able to eat what the adults eat, but they are mechanically limited by their small mouths. Therefore, the food should be crushed into powder form before feeding. In order to raise healthy guppies, feed quality food with a high protein content. As a fry, they will not be able to eat a lot of food. However, they will process the food very quickly. Their small digestive system will process the food the food every 30 minutes. Therefore, it is best to feed them in small quantities frequently. While the fry may be able to survive on only powder food and crushed flake food, feeding live food is also recommended if you wish to grow the most robust specimen. This will allow the fry to consume a varied diet. Here’s a list of food that you can feed your fry, based on their growth stage and appropriate food size: 1. Insusoria and green water 2. Microworms, baby brine shrimp, vinegar eels, and powdered food 3. Grindal worms, moina, crushed flake food 4. White worms, daphnia, larger flake food Once the fry reaches the final 4th stage, the fry will be reaching its juvenile stage. At this point, the fry will be much more capable of eating large food, similar to what the adults will be eating. A good varied diet consisting of live food and quality dry feed will help grow healthy guppies. Growth speed can be improved as well. Guppy Fry Growth Rate The growth rate for guppy fry can vary depending on their genetics and their environment. Some of the environmental factors that can influence growth rate is temperature, water quality, and food. Temperature: By keeping the water temperature slightly higher, at around 78-80 °F, the fry will be able to grow faster. Keep in mind that higher temperature will increase their metabolism, requiring more frequent feeding. Keep in mind that growing guppy fry is not a race against time. The goal should be to raise the healthiest specimen, not the fastest growing specimen. While good growth rate could be an indication of good health, some breeders prefer to grow their fry in a slower pace. By maintaining the water temperature in the mid 70’s, at around 74-76 °F, the fry will be able to grow at slightly slower pace. Some guppies that grow larger and longer were raised in these slightly lower temperatures. Water Quality: Keeping a good water quality is very important, since fry are more sensitive than adults. Change 10% of the water every day. This will keep the nitrate level down to a minimum. Rather than changing 50% of the water on a weekly basis for example, doing smaller water changes more frequently is much more beneficial. It is prevent the water parameters from fluctuating between water changes, and there will be less shock to the fry. By maintaining good water quality, many of the disease can be prevented. Be sure to use a water conditioner if necessary.Food Quality: High quality food that is high in protein content should be fed to fry. A combination of dry feed and live fish food is ideal. Annelid worms such as grindal worms and white worms are great sources of protein for fry.Feeding Amount: Fry should be fed in small amounts on a frequent basis. Fry have smaller digestive systems compared to adults. While adult guppy may only need to be fed once a day, fry should be fed multiple times a day.Water Current: Strong current should be avoided in a fry tank, since it can exhaust them. If they are required to constantly swim against a strong current, they may not have enough energy for growth. Therefore, an aquarium filter that only produces a gentle current, or a sponge filter should be used. Guppy Fry Growth Chart Fry growth rate can vary widely depending on its genetics and environment. As a general guideline, the guppy fry growth chart below describes what kind of growth you can expect from your fry based on their age: Fry AgeSizeNewborn Fry6 mmOne Week Old Fry7 mmTwo Week Old Fry1 cmOne Month Old Fry1.5 cmTwo Months Old Fry2 cmThree Months Old Fry2.5 cmSix months Old Fry3 - 3.3 cmFull Grown Adult3.5 - 4 cm Guppy Types There is an abundance of guppy varieties and types. To start, they come in every color of the rainbow. Some display many different colors at once, while others display a single color throughout their body. Guppies come in different body shapes and fin shapes as well. Disease Guppies are prone to a variety of diseases and other health issues. There is a great variety of guppies strains, and some are more prone to these disease than others. Some common disease in guppies include ich, fin rot, fin clamp, spine curve, and tapeworms. Many of these diseases can be prevented by providing a clean environment. However, bacterial disease and parasites can still become an issue in well-maintained aquariums. Once the health issue is realized, it is important to identify the cause of the issue and possible treatment options. In some cases, the affected fish can be quarantined for treatment and recovery. Medications are available to treat some common diseases which can be quite effective if treated early. Due to extensive selective breeding, some guppies have become less hardy and more susceptible to disease. While selective breeding is required to develop a particular trait, it is important to breed guppies from a gene pool of an adequate size. Guppies from a different gene pools can be introduced to prevent inbreeding depression as well.